李鹤老师新书

《文言文精析趣读80篇》介绍

《文言文精析趣读80篇》适宜于初中生课外文言文的阅读提升，是初中生课外文言文考试必读书目。该书采用全新视角 、全新体例 、全新解读，对课外文言文进行全面训练。

《文言文精析趣读篇》融趣味性和知识性于一体，使枯燥乏味的课外文言文阅读变得有趣、有料，并且简洁明了。它既可以作为低年级初学文言文的提升和拓展的一个很好途径，也可以作为高年级应对中考的有效训练材料。

这80篇课外文言文短小精悍，内涵丰富，富有韵味，分为励志故事、传记故事、名人轶事、寓言故事、哲理故事五大板块。通过阅读、理解、练习，能够受到一定的启迪和教益。

本书采用全新的表格排版形式将原文、注释、翻译对应呈现出来，进行精致的解读、归纳和梳理，富有新意，而又一目了然，并附有文学常识、文章主旨、作品赏析、读后必练及参考答案。最后还附有一篇“趣文泛读”，为短小有趣的文言文。

一言蔽之，这部文言文读本使学生既学得了知识，又开阔了视野，并且在较短的时间内，更有效地理解把握字词、翻译、文意和主旨，会收到意想不到的效果。

目   录

第一编 励志故事·····························································1

       1 与长子受之···························································· 2

       2 孟母断其织···························································· 5

       3 人之才行······························································ 8

       4 劝学································································· 11

       5 刘备敕刘禅遗迢······················································14

       6 桓公明日弋··························································· 17

       7 嗟来之食····························································· 21

       8 勉谕儿辈····························································· 24

第二编 传记故事······························································· 27

9 孙晷································································· 28

       10 寇准································································ 31

       11 包拯································································ 35

       12 吴起传······························································ 39

       13 欧阳修传···························································· 42

       14 司马朗传···························································· 46

       15 范仲淹······························································ 51

       16 卖酒者传···························································· 54

第三编 名人轶事······························································· 59

        17 何岳轶事···························································· 60

       18 吕蒙正不喜记人过···················································· 63

       19 戴胄犯颜执法························································ 66

       20 蒲留仙写书·························································· 67

       21 于令仪不责盗························································ 73

       22 韩魏公知北都·························································77

       23 晏子之晋···························································· 80

       24 鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已··················································· 84

第四编 寓言故事······························································· 88

        25 卫人束氏···························································· 89

       26 自相矛盾···························································· 92

       27 北人生而不识菱者···················································· 95

       28 养枭································································ 98

       29 魏王欲攻邯郸························································101

       30 揠苗助长··························································· 104

       31 杨布打狗··························································· 107

       32 江乙对荆宣王························································110

第五编 哲理故事······························································ 113

       33 指喻······························································· 114

       34 狼三则（其三）·······················································118

       35 孙叔敖纳言························································· 121

       36 师旷问学····························································124

       37 哀溺文····························································· 127

       38 唐雎说信陵君······················································· 130

       39 老马识途··························································· 133

       40 景公闻命··························································· 136

编后记······································································· 140

《文言文精析趣读80篇》体例

与长子受之

一、美文精读

【文学常识】

朱熹：中国南宋思想家。字元晦，号晦庵。徽州婺源（今属江西）人。历仕高宗、孝宗、光宗、宁宗四朝。谥曰文。南宋著名的理学家、思想家、哲学家、教育家、诗人，闽学派的代表人物，世尊称朱子。武夷山被列入世界文化及自然双重遗产源于朱子。其著作甚多，辑定《大学》《中庸》《论语》《孟子》。

【文章主旨】

朱熹以“穷理、正心、修己、治人”为根本，从为人要“勤、谨”二字着眼，告诫其子要勤学、勤问、勤思，谨起居、谨言谈、谨交友，敦厚忠信，见善思齐等。朱熹希望儿子改掉旧习，发奋学习，有所作为。

【文言原文】

盖汝好学，在家足可读书作文，讲明义理，不待远离膝下，千里从师。汝既不能如此，即是自不好学，已无可望之理。然今遣汝者，恐你在家汩于俗务，不得专意。又父子之间，不欲昼夜督责。及无朋友闻见，故令汝一行。汝若到彼，能奋然勇为，力改故习，一味勤谨，则吾犹可望。不然，则徒劳费，只与在家一般。他日归来，又只是伎俩人物，不知汝将何面目归见父母亲戚乡党故旧耶?念之!念之!“夙兴夜寐，无忝尔所生！”在此一行，千万努力。

（南宋·朱熹）

【对照注译】

【作品赏析】

朱熹让其长子赴婺州求学，交待途中和到达后的诸事情，朱熹以“穷理、正心、修己、治人”为根本，从为人要“勤、谨”二字着眼，朱熹告诫其子要勤学、勤问、勤思，谨起居、谨言谈、谨交游，敦厚忠信，见善思齐等。

【读后必练】（共30分）

1．解释加点的词语。（10分）

① 汝既不能如此     （          ）    ② 然今遣汝者     （          ）

③ 则吾犹可望       （          ）    ④ 不然，则徒劳费 （          ）   

⑤ 讲明义理         （          ）    ⑥ 他日归来       （          ）

⑦ 盖汝好学         （          ）    ⑧ 又只是伎俩人物 （          ）

⑨ 在家足可读书作文 （          ）    ⑩ 故令汝一行     （          ）

2．翻译。（10分）

① 盖汝好学，在家足可读书作文。

② 然今遣汝者，恐你在家汩于俗务，不得专意。

③ 不知汝将何面目归见父母亲戚乡党故旧耶。

④ 夙兴夜寐，无忝尔所生！

⑤ 汝若到彼，能奋然勇为，力改故习，一味勤谨，则吾犹可望。

3. 对本文主旨理解最恰当的一项是(    )（2分）

A. 劝戒儿子珍惜时间，不要虚度人生。

B. 批评儿子不求上进，学业无成。

C. 希望儿子改掉旧习，发愤学习，有所作为。

D. 想让儿子摆脱家庭，改变学习环境。

4. 文中“奋然勇为”之义为_______                                _________。（2分）

5. 写出“然今遣汝”的原因。(用文中原句回答)（2分）

6. 结合生活实际，谈一谈你读了本文之后的启示。 (4分)

【参考答案】

1. ① 既然 ② 派遣 ③ 希望 ④ 这样 ⑤ 指讲求经义、探究名理的学问 ⑥ 回家 ⑦ 你 ⑧ 原指不正当的手段，这里是不务正业的意思 ⑨ 写文章 ⑩ 所以

2. ① 如果你努力学习,在家里也完全可以读书写文章。② 但是现在让你出外从师的原因,是担心你在家里为俗务所缠身,不能专心读书学习。③ 不知道你准备用什么样的面目来见你的父母亲戚同乡和老朋友呢？④ 早起晚睡，不辱没你这一生!⑤ 如果你到了老师那里，能够奋发图强，有所作为，努力改掉旧的习气，始终勤勉谨慎，那么我对你还是抱有希望的。

3. C 4. 奋发图强，有所作为。

5. 恐你在家汩于俗务，不得专意;又父子之间，不欲昼夜督责;及无朋友闻见。6. 略。

二、趣文泛读

猫  犬

东坡云：“养猫以捕鼠，不可以无鼠而养不捕之猫；蓄犬以防奸，不可以无奸而蓄不吠之犬。”余谓不捕犹可也，不捕鼠而捕鸡则甚矣；不吠犹可也，不吠盗而吠主则甚矣。疾视正人，必欲尽击去之，非捕鸡乎？委心权要，使天子孤立，非吠主乎?

【译文】

苏东坡说：“养猫是用来捉老鼠的，不能因为没有老鼠就养不捉老鼠的猫；养狗是用来防止贼的，不能因为没贼就养不叫的狗。”但是我想:就算猫不捉老鼠也行，如果不捉老鼠却捉鸡就更糟了。狗不咬贼也可以，不对贼叫却对主人叫就更糟了。看到正直的人就嫉恨，一定使他走开，不是和捉鸡的猫心态一样吗？心思全在谋大权上面，让皇上变的无助(没有真正为皇帝分忧)，这不是咬主人的狗吗？

附件：

姓名：李鹤；单位、地址：山东省泰安市东平县大羊镇中学；电话：13853876627；邮箱：dpdylihe@163.com；邮编：271503；QQ：351574826；微信：dpdylihe