浅谈名词性从句
浅谈如何 有效的学习名词性从句 名词性从句.doc 名词性从句.doc
名词性从句
杨陵中学英语教研组 白昆
概说:
名词性从句和名词一样,在句中可担任主语,表语,宾语(动词的宾语或介词的宾语)及同位语。也就是说,名词性从句包括主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句和同位语从句。
一、主语从句
如果在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,那么这个从句就叫主语从句。
主语从句可以由下列连词,连接代词和连接副词引导,且不能省略。
连 词: that, whether
连接代词: what, whatever, who, whoever, which, whichever
连接副词: when, where, how, why
1、连词that, whether的作用只是引导主语从句,它们在从句中不担任成分,不能省略。并且由它们引导的主语从句,多用it 作形式主语。
That the earth is round is true. (= It is true that …) 地球是圆的,这是真的。
It doesn’t seem likely that she will be here. 她来的可能性不大。
Whether he will join us won’t make too much difference. 他是否参加我们没有太大的区别。
It is up to you whether you go or not. 去与不去全在你自己。
It hasn’t been decided whether he’ll come or not. 他是否会来,还没有决定下来。
● whether 引导主语从句时,不能用if代替。
2、连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句
连接代词who, whoever在主语从句中作主语;what, whatever, which, whichever作主语或宾语;连接副词在主语从句中作状语。
Who broke the window is still unknown. 谁打破窗户依然不知道。
Whoever comes will be welcomed. 谁来都欢迎。
What you need is more practice. 你们所需要的是更多的练习。
What is hard is to do good all one’s life and never do anything bad. 难得是一辈子做好事,不做坏事。
Whatever she did was right. 她做什么都是对的。
Why he didn’t come to school is not clear to anyone. 他没来学校的原因大家都不清楚。
● whoever=any one who; whomever=any one who; whichever/whatever
=anything that; what=先行词+that/which
It is said/reported/known/hoped/considered/thought…that clause.
二、表语从句
在句子中担当表语的从句就是表语从句,引导表语从句的连词,连接代词和连接副词和引导主语从句从引导词完全相同。
My idea is that we’ll all go except Lily. 我的意见是除了莉莉,我们大家都去。
His suggestion/order/advice is that we (should) finish the work at once. 他的建议/命令/忠告是我们应该马上结束工作。
That is what we should do. 这是我们应该做的。
The question is how we can get there. 问题是我们如何到达那里。
China is no longer what it used to be. (what=the country that) 中国不再是以前的样子了。
His problem is where he could find a room to live in. 问题是他能在那里找到一个住的房间。
● 以下结构中的that clause通常被认为是表语从句
It appears/seems that… 似乎……;
It happens that… 碰巧……
It turns out that… 结果是……,证明是……
三、宾语从句
宾语从句使用的连词,连接代词和连接副词与引导主语从句、表语从句的引导词完全相同。只是连词that可省。If有时可以和 whether 互换。
1、及物动词后的宾语从句
Mike said (that) he felt ill. 迈克说他病了。
All of us know (that) we must study hard. 我们大家都知道,我们必须努力学习。
We think it quite right that he was scolded. 他活该受到责骂。(It is quite right that…就成了主语从句)
He made it clear to us that we should study hard. 我们应该努力学习,他清楚的表达了这点。
Do you think/consider it necessary that we will do it again? 你觉着我们有必要再做一遍吗?
He asked me whether/if Annie lived here. 他问我安妮是否住在这里。(若here 后有or not, 就只能用whether.)
I wonder what he likes. 我想知道他喜欢什么。
She asked me why Jim had chosen a blue bike. 他问我吉姆为何挑选了一辆蓝色的自行车。
Do you remember how he came? 你记得他是怎么来的吗?
2、只有少数介词后可以跟宾语从句
Your composition is good except that there are some spelling mistakes. 除了一些拼写上的错误,你的作文写的不错。
My teacher was satisfied with what I did. 老师对我所做的很满意。
You can write about whatever topic you can think of. 你们可以写你们能想到的任何话题。
3、be + adj. + that clause在概念上接近宾语从句,在结构上接近状语从句
I am afraid (=fear) that I have made a serious mistake. 我恐怕犯了一个严重的错误。
We are sure (=know for sure) that we should success. 我们肯定会成功。
宾语从句中6个要注意的问题
1、当主句的主语是第一人称,谓语是think, believe, suppose, imagine等时,需要注意否定转移的问题。
2、当and或but连接了两个有that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,第二个that不能省。
He said (that) he was well and that he wanted to go home. 他说他好了,他想回家。
3、I doubt whether/if …我怀疑……是否……
I don’t doubt that…我毫不怀疑……
I’m not sure whether/if … 我不确定……是否……
I’m sure that …我相信……
4、insist和suggest后的宾语从句,谓语用(should) +原形
5、介词后的宾语从句若有“是否……”的意思,只能用whether,不能用if.
It all depends on whether the weather looks good. 一切都取决于天气是否晴好。
6、宾语从句如果是否定句,只能用if引导,不能用whether
I don’t know if he doesn’t have a car. 我不知道他是否没有汽车。
四、同位语从句。同位语从句我将在另一讲中详细讲述。
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